Human rabies is rare in the United States, and a vaccine is available for treatment following a bite from a potentially rabid animal. These ticks are frequently carried by dogs. Symptoms include high fever, chills, muscle aches, and headaches, and a rash that may spread across the wrists, ankles, palms, soles, and trunk of the body. RMSF, which can be treated with antibiotics, is most common in the south central and the mid-south Atlantic regions of the United States. Ringworm : a skin infection caused by several types of fungi found in the soil and on the skin of humans and pets.
Kids can get ringworm from touching infected animals such as dogs and cats. Ringworm of the skin, or tinea corporis, usually is a dry, scaly round area with a raised red bumpy border and a clear center. When the scalp is affected, the area may be flaky, red, or swollen. Often there are bald patches. Ringworm is treated with antifungal medicines including shampoo, cream, or oral medicine. Toxocariasis : an illness caused by the parasitic roundworm Toxocara , which lives in the intestines of dogs and cats.
The eggs from the worms are passed in the feces of dogs and cats, often contaminating soil where kids play.
When a child ingests the contaminated soil, the eggs hatch in the intestine and the larvae spread to other organs, an infection known as visceral larva migrans. Symptoms include fever, cough or wheezing, enlarged liver, rash, or swollen lymph nodes. Symptoms may clear up on their own or a doctor may prescribe drugs to kill the larvae. When the larvae in the intestine make their way through the bloodstream to the eye, it is known as ocular toxocariasis , or ocular larva migrans , which may lead to a permanent loss of vision.
Toxoplasmosis : contracted after contact with a parasite found in cat feces. In most healthy people, toxoplasma infection causes no symptoms. When symptoms do happen, they may include swollen glands, tiredness, muscle pain, fever, sore throat, and a rash. In pregnant women, toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage, premature births, and severe illness and blindness in newborns.
Pregnant women should avoid contact with litter boxes. People whose immune systems have been weakened by illnesses such as HIV or cancer are at risk for severe complications from toxoplasmosis infection.
Dog and cat bites: may become infected and cause serious problems, particularly bites to the face and hands. Cat bites tend to be worse, partly because they are deeper puncture wounds. Significant bites should be washed out thoroughly. Often these bite wounds require treatment in a doctor's office or emergency room; antibiotics are sometimes necessary. Page 3 Birds Pet birds, even if they are kept in a cage, may transmit these diseases: Cryptococcosis: a fungal disease contracted when someone inhales organisms found in bird droppings, especially from pigeons, that can cause pneumonia.
As the name suggests, cat scratch disease is transmitted via bacteria from a bite or scratch. The disease causes lymph nodes to swell, usually resulting in a fever or a headache. To reduce the risk, play with your cat using a toy to avoid being scratched. Kittens, rather than adult cats, are most likely to become infected with hookworms and can transmit the eggs in their stools.
It just means that you need to be extra cautious around your pet: Remember your veterinarian and your physician are your best sources of information regarding zoonotic disease.
Keep your kitty strictly indoors! It might not always be possible, but ask someone who is not at significant risk for zoonotic diseases to take on litter box cleaning duty. Also, have the litter box cleaned daily. The organism that causes Toxoplasmosis, for example, takes 24 hours to become infectious. Use disposable litter box liners and change them each time you clean the litter box.
If you do, you could put yourself at risk of inhaling an infectious agent. Signs in cats: Cats may appear healthy and show no signs of Campylobacter infection or they can have diarrhea that may be bloody. Symptoms in people: People can have diarrhea often bloody , fever, and stomach cramps. The diarrhea may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Symptoms usually start within 2—5 days after infection and last about 1 week. Cat scratch disease CSD is an infection caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae, and less commonly other Bartonella species.
How it spreads: Cats become infected through flea bites, fights with other infected cats, or blood transfusions. People can be exposed to the bacteria through the scratch or lick of an infected cat. Who is at risk: Young cats less than 1 year of age , strays or cats living in shelters, cats with current or previous flea infestation, and cats that hunt are most likely to have the bacteria.
Any person can get sick from CSD, but illness is most common in children and adolescents under 15 years of age and people with weakened immune systems. Signs in pets: About one third to half of cats have been exposed to the bacteria at some point in their lifetime. Although most infected cats do not appear sick, some cats may experience mild illness with fever that lasts for approximately days. Bartonella infection in dogs is less common, but more likely to cause illness, compared to cats.
Signs in people: The CSD bacteria may cause a mild infection with a small, raised, solid bump at the site of the scratch and lymph node swelling near the site of the scratch.
This occurs weeks after exposure for example, a cat scratch or lick. The infection can also cause fever, and less commonly eye infection, muscle pain, or more severe symptoms. The cat tapeworm is a parasite spread to dogs, cats, and people through the ingestion of infected fleas. This parasite is common in cats but rarely causes illness in pets or people. How it spreads: The tapeworm is spread when a cat or person swallows an infected flea. Cats may swallow fleas when self-grooming.
Treating pets for fleas can help prevent infection. Who is at risk: The risk of a person getting this tapeworm is extremely low because you must swallow a flea to become infected. Most cases occur in children. The parasite can sometimes be detected by finding rice-like segments of the tapeworm crawling near the anus or in fresh feces poop. If a dog is heavily infected, it may lose weight. Sometimes the infection can be detected by finding rice-like segments of the tapeworm crawling near the anus or in fresh poop.
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the germ Cryptosporidium or Crypto for short , which is spread by accidentally swallowing poop from an infected person or animal. How it spreads: Crypto spreads through swallowing poop containing the germ after contact with an infected person or animal, or through poop in contaminated food or water.
For example, people can get Crypto after swallowing recreational water, drinking untreated water from a lake or river, or touching their mouth after handling an infected animal. Who is at risk: Anyone can been infected with Crypto, but people with weakened immune systems are more at risk, especially for severe disease.
Signs in cats: Crypto in cats is rare, but sometimes cats can carry the parasite without showing any signs of illness. Symptoms in people: Symptoms include profuse, watery diarrhea with cramping, abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. The symptoms typically resolve within 1—2 weeks. Giardia is a parasite that can be found on surfaces or in water, food, or soil that has been contaminated by poop from an infected person or animal. How it spreads: Giardia spreads through swallowing microscopic poop containing the parasite following contact with an infected person or animal or by drinking water or eating food that has been contaminated with poop from infected people or animals.
Who is at risk: The risk of getting Giardia from cats is small. The exact type of Giardia that makes people sick is usually not the same that infects cats. Anyone can get Giardia, but the following groups have a higher risk:. Signs in cats: Cats with Giardia may have diarrhea, greasy stools, or become dehydrated. Symptoms in people: People with Giardia may experience diarrhea, gas, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. However, it is possible to be infected and have no signs of illness.
How it spreads: People can get hookworm infection by walking barefoot, kneeling, or sitting on ground that is contaminated with poop from infected animals. Signs in cats: In kittens, hookworm can cause anemia and weight loss, and severe infections can be fatal.
Symptoms in people: People with hookworm infection can experience an itchy reaction and a red squiggly line may appear where the parasite larvae migrated under the skin. Staphylococcus aureus is a common type of a bacteria normally found on the skin of people and animals. MRSA is Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have become resistant to some antibiotics.
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