On subsequent days two of Pizarro's men, Alonso de Molina and Pedro de Candia, reconnoitered the territory and both, on separate accounts, reported back the riches of the land, including the decorations of silver and gold around the chief's residence and the hospitable attentions with which they were received by everyone. The Spanish also saw for the first time the Peruvian llama, which Pizarro called "little camels".
The natives began calling the Spanish the "Children of the Sun" due to their fair complexions and brilliant armor. Pizarro, meanwhile, continued receiving the same accounts of a powerful monarch who ruled over the land they were exploring.
These events served as evidence to convince the expedition that the wealth and power displayed at Tumbes were an example of the riches of the Peruvian territory. The conquistadors decided to return to Panama to prepare the final expedition of conquest with more recruits and provisions. Before leaving, however, Pizarro and his followers sailed south along the coast to see if anything of interest could be found.
Historian William H. Prescott recounts that after passing through territories they named such as Cabo Blanco, port of Payta, Sechura, Punta de Aguja, Santa Cruz and Trujillo founded by Almagro years later , they finally reached for the first time the ninth degree of the southern latitude in South America. Pizarro reached Seville in early summer. The conquistador described the territory as rich in gold and silver that he and his followers had bravely explored "to extend the empire of Castile".
The king, who was soon to leave for Italy, was impressed at his accounts and promised his support for the conquest of Peru.
Pizarro was officially named the Governor, Captain general, Adelantado and Alguacil Mayor, of New Castile for the distance of leagues along the newly discovered coast and invested with all authority and prerogatives, leaving his associates in secondary positions a fact that later incensed Almagro and would lead to eventual discord. One of the grant conditions was that within six months, Pizarro should raise a sufficiently equipped force of men, of whom might be drawn from the colonies.
He was there joined by his brother Hernando and the remaining men in two vessels that would sail back to Panama. Pizarro's third and final expedition left Panama for Peru on 27 December In , Pizarro once again landed in the coasts near Ecuador, the province of Coaque and the region of esmeraldas, where some gold, silver and emeralds were procured and then dispatched to Almagro.
The latter had stayed in Panama to gather more recruits. Soon after, Hernando de Soto, another conquistador who had joined the expedition, arrived with volunteers and horses to aid Pizarro and with him sailed towards Tumbes, only to find the place deserted and destroyed. The two conquistadors expected that the settlers had disappeared or died under murky circumstances. The chiefs explained that the fierce tribes of Punians had attacked them and ransacked the place. As Tumbes no longer afforded safe accommodations, Pizarro led an excursion into the interior in May and established the first Spanish settlement in Peru, San Miguel de Piura, and a repartimiento.
Leaving 50 men back at the settlement under the command of Antonio Navarro, Pizarro proceeded with his conquest accompanied by men on 24 September After arriving at Zaran, de Soto was dispatched to a Peruvian garrison at Caxas.
After a week, he returned with an envoy from the Inca himself, with presents and an invitation to visit the Inca ruler's camp. Arriving at Cajamarca on 15 November , Pizarro had a force of just foot soldiers, 67 cavalry, three arquebuses and two falconets. He sent Hernando Pizarro and de Soto to meet with Atahualpa in his camp.
Atahualpa agreed to meet Pizarro in his Cajamarca plaza fortress the next day. Fray Vincente de Valverde and native interpreter Felipillo approached Atahualpa in Cajamarca's central plaza. After the Dominican friar expounded the "true faith" and the need to pay tribute to the Emperor Charles V, Atahualpa replied, "I will be no man's tributary.
Atahualpa's refusal led Pizarro and his force to attack the Inca army in what became the Battle of Cajamarca on 16 November The Spanish were successful. Pizarro executed Atahualpa's man honor guard and took the Inca captive at the so-called Ransom Room. By February , Almagro had joined Pizarro in Cajamarca with an additional men and 50 horses. Despite fulfilling his promise of filling one room 22 by 17 feet or 7 by 5 metres with gold and two with silver, Atahualpa was convicted of 12 charges, including killing his brother and plotting against Pizarro and his forces.
He was executed by garrote on 29 August Francisco Pizarro and de Soto were opposed to Atahualpa's execution, but Francisco consented to the trial due to the "great agitation among the soldiers", particularly by Almagro.
When Ruiz gave Pizarro the news, he was so excited that he set sail for the south. They did hot however get to land since the natives in the area looked dangerous. Almagro later went back to Panama to bring more reinforcements but the new governor Pedro de Los Rios canceled the expedition after it was unsuccessful. Francisco Pizarro then ordered the men back, and all but Pizarro and thirteen other men came back. The governor later sent one ship to bring back Pizarro, but he did not come back as Almagro and Luque joined him in his expedition.
In , they reached Tumbes where they found incredible riche. They planned to go back to Panama and prepare for another expedition. The governor refused their request for a third expedition, and so he went to Spain and appealed to King Charles I. In , Queen Isabel signed the Capitulacion de Toledo allowing Pizarro to go for a third expedition.
In , he and his men left for the final expedition. On their way to Tumbes, they encountered Punian natives who attacked them, and they suffered losses. What were Francisco Pizarro goals? How did Francisco Pizarro treat the natives? Who was inti?
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